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모의해킹 침해대응 전문가 과정 / 2016. 4. 27. 02:22

==============================================메모==============================================

리눅스 마스터 2급

==============================================복습==============================================

3. LVM(Logical Volume Manager)
LVM 용어? PV(PE), VG, LV(LE)
LVM 구성 방식: striping (PE1 <---> LE1)
         mirroring(PE2 <---> LE1)
LVM 작업 순서
(ㄱ) 시스템 아이디(fdisk CMD)
  # fdisk /dev/sdc
  # fdisk /dev/sdd
  # fdisk /dev/sde
  # fdisk /dev/sdf
  # fdisk -l | grep LVM
(ㄴ) PV 생성(pvcreate CMD)
  # pvcreate /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
(ㄷ) VG 생성(vgcreate CMD)
  # vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
(ㄹ) LV 생성(lvcreate CMD)
  # lvcreate -L 1500G -n lv1 vg1
  # lvcreate -L 500M -n lv2 vg1
(ㅁ) F/S 생성(mkfs CMD)
  # mkfs.ext3 /dev/vg1/lv1
  # mkfs.ext3 /dev/vg1/lv2
(ㅂ) 마운트(mount CMD, /etc/fstab)
  # mkdir /lv1 /lv2
  # vi /etc/fstab
  # mount /lv1
  # mount /lv2
4. RAID 구성
RAID 종류
- Software RAID(EX: OS 툴)
- Hardware RAID(EX: Storage)

RAID 0
RAID 1
RAID 5
RAID 6
RAID 7

(ㄱ) RAID 디스크/파티션 설정
      # fdisk -l /dev/sd? | grep raid
      fdisk CMD(EX: fdisk /dev/sdc)
(ㄴ) RAID 구성
      mdadm --create 생성(/etc/mdadm.conf)
(ㄷ) F/S 생성
      mkfs.ext3 CMD(EX: mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0)
(ㄹ) 마운트
      mount CMD(/etc/fstab)

RAID 0 구성
  # mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-device=3 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
  # mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm.conf
  # mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0
  # mkdir /raid0 ; vi /etc/fstab ; mount /raid0
RAID 1 구성
  # mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-device=2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
  # mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm.conf
  # mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0
  # mkdir /raid1 ; vi /etc/fstab ; mount /raid1
RAID 5 구성
  # mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-device=3 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
  # mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm.conf
  # mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0
  # mkdir /raid5 ; vi /etc/fstab ; mount /raid5

==============================================강의==============================================

5. 소프트웨어 관리 (Software Admin)
rpm CMD (정보를 확인하는데 치중되어있다)
  # rpm -ivh [--nodeps] PKG.rpm
  # rpm -Fvh [--nodeps] PKG.rpm
  # rpm -Uvh [--nodeps] PKG.rpm

  # rpm -qa | grep PKG (# rpm -q PKG)
  # rpm -qi PKG
  # rpm -qi -p PKG.rpm (설치안되어있는 패키지 정보 확인)
  # rpm -ql PKG
  # rpm -qf /bin/ls

  # rpm -e [--nodeps] PKG
yum CMD
  # yum [-y] install PKG
  # yum [-y] update PKG

# yum check-update
# yum -y update

# yum list | grep PKG

# yum (erase|remove) PKG
Source 관리
#

==============================================실습==============================================

RAID 실습

(1) mdadm 명령어

(명령어 형식)

■ RAID 설정
# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=<RAID 레벨> --raid-device=<RAID 구성할 Disk수> <디스크장치명> ...
# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-device=2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
/* --create        :   -C   */
/* --level=1       :   -l 1 */
/* --raid-device=2 :   -n 2 */

■ RAID 장치 설정 확인
# mdadm --detail /dev/md0 /* --detail : -D */

■ /etc/mdadm.conf 파일 설정
# echo "DEVCICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm.conf
# mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm.conf /* --scan : -s */
# cat /etc/mdadm.conf

ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid0 num-devices=2 metadata=0.90 UUID=26989dc0:d41ac869:f76fb5d7:a077d304

■ RAID 삭제
(ㄱ) RAID Device stop (비활성화)
# mdadm --stop /dev/md0 /* --stop : -S */

(ㄴ) RAID Device remove
# mdadm --remove /dev/md0 /* --remove : -r */

(ㄷ) superblock 정보 삭제
# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1

슈퍼블럭 : 파일시스템의 정보를 담는, 따로 삭제를 하지않아도 된다

(2) mdadm 명령어 실습
[EX1] RAID 구성을 위한 디스크 설정(시스템 아이디 설정: fd)

■ RAID 작업 절차
(ㄱ) System Partition ID(fd) (fdisk CMD)
(ㄴ) RAID 작업 (mdadm CMD)
(ㄷ) 파일시스템 작업 (mkfs CMD)
(ㄹ) 마운트 작업 (mount CMD, /etc/fstab)

① mdadm 패키지 설치 확인
# rpm -qa | grep mdadm (# yum -y install mdadm)
mdadm-2.6.9-2.el5

# mdadm -V
mdadm - v2.6.9 - 10th March 2009

② 보유한 디스크 확인
# ls -l /dev/sd?

③ 디스크(EX: /dev/sdc, /dev/sdd) 파티션 타입(파티션 ID) 변경 및 확인
# fdisk /dev/sdc
# fdisk /dev/sdd
# fdisk /dev/sde
# fdisk -l | grep raid

[root@linux220 ~]# rpm -qa | grep mdadm
mdadm-2.6.9-3.el5
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm -V
mdadm - v2.6.9 - 10th March 2009
[root@linux220 ~]# ls -l /dev/sd?
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 0 4월 26 16:06 /dev/sda
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 16 4월 26 16:06 /dev/sdb
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 32 4월 26 16:06 /dev/sdc
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 48 4월 26 16:06 /dev/sdd
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 64 4월 26 16:06 /dev/sde
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 80 4월 26 16:06 /dev/sdf
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 96 4월 26 16:06 /dev/sdg
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 112 4월 26 16:06 /dev/sdh
[root@linux220 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 130 1044193+ 8e Linux LVM

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): L

0 Empty           1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix       bf Solaris
1 FAT12           24 NEC DOS         81 Minix / old Lin c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root      39 Plan 9          82 Linux swap / So c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr       3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux           c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M      40 Venix 80286     84 OS/2 hidden C: c7 Syrinx
5 Extended        41 PPC PReP Boot   85 Linux extended da Non-FS data
6 FAT16           42 SFS             86 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS       4d QNX4.x          87 NTFS volume set de Dell Utility
8 AIX             4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext df BootIt
9 AIX bootable    4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM       e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM      93 Amoeba          e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32       51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT      e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M            9f BSD/OS          eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ee EFI GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6      a5 FreeBSD         ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS            55 EZ-Drive        a6 OpenBSD         f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12    56 Golden Bow      a7 NeXTSTEP        f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk     a8 Darwin UFS      f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor       a9 NetBSD          f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16    63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot     fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs         fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap       fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX           be Solaris boot    ff BBT
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 130 1044193+ fd Linux raid autodetect

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@linux220 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdd

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@linux220 ~]# fdisk /dev/sde

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@linux220 ~]# fdisk -l |grep raid
/dev/sdc1               1         130     1044193+ fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdd1               1         130     1044193+ fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sde1               1         130     1044193+ fd Linux raid autodetect

[EX2] RAID 0 구성 실습

■ RAID 0 구성 절차

(ㄱ) 파티션 타입 설정
# fdisk /dev/sdc
# fdisk /dev/sdd

(ㄴ) RAID 구성
# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-device=2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
# echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm.conf
# mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm.conf

(ㄷ) F/S 생성
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0

(ㄹ) 마운트
# vi /etc/fstab
# mkdir /raid0 ; mount /raid0

■ RAID 0 구성 해제 절차

(ㄱ) 언마운트
# vi /etc/fstab
# umount /raid0

(ㄴ) RAID 구성 삭제
# mdadm --stop /dev/md0
# mdadm --remove /dev/md0
# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
# rm /etc/mdadm.conf

① mdadm 명령어를 사용하여 RAID 0 볼륨 구성 및 확인
# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-device=2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1

# cat /proc/mdstat

# mdadm --detail /dev/md0

/dev/sdc1 -----+-----+-----> /dev/md0
|
/dev/sdd1 -----+-----+

② /etc/mdadm.conf 파일 생성
n By default, changes made by the mdadm command only apply to the curent session, and will not survive a
system restart. At boot time, the mdmonitor service reads the content of the /etc/mdadm.conf
configuration file to see which RAID devices to start.

(현재) mdadm CMD
(부팅) /etc/mdadm.conf

# ls -l /etc/mdadm.conf

# mdadm --detail --scan (# mdadm --detail --brief /dev/md0)

# echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm.conf
# mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm.conf (# mdadm --detail --brief /dev/md0 >> /etc/mdadm.conf)
# cat /etc/mdadm.conf

③ 파일시스템 생성
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0

# tune2fs -l /dev/md0 /* 파일시스템 superblock 정보 확인 */

④ 장치 마운트 및 확인
# mkdir -p /raid0
# mount /dev/md0 /raid0
# df -h

# vi /etc/fstab

⑤ 언마운트 및 확인
# umount /raid0
# vi /etc/fstab
-> 실습에서는 정의하고 hash 처리를 한다.

⑥ RAID 설정 삭제
# mdadm --stop /dev/md0

# mdadm --remove /dev/md0
# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1

# cat /proc/mdstat

# rm –f /etc/mdadm.conf
#

[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-device=2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
[root@linux220 ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0]
md0 : active raid0 sdd1[1] sdc1[0]
      2088192 blocks 64k chunks

unused devices: <none>
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
        Version : 0.90
Creation Time : Tue Apr 26 16:28:10 2016
     Raid Level : raid0
     Array Size : 2088192 (2039.59 MiB 2138.31 MB)
   Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Preferred Minor : 0
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Tue Apr 26 16:28:10 2016
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0

Chunk Size : 64K

UUID : 0df810f9:0f4dae37:057f2a42:d48535a0
Events : 0.1

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       1       8       49        1      active sync   /dev/sdd1
[root@linux220 ~]# ls /etc/mdadm.conf
ls: /etc/mdadm.conf: 그런 파일이나 디렉토리가 없음
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --detail --scan
ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid0 num-devices=2 metadata=0.90 UUID=0df810f9:0f4dae37:057f2a42:d48535a0
[root@linux220 ~]# echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@linux220 ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf
DEVICE partitions
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@linux220 ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf
DEVICE partitions
ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid0 num-devices=2 metadata=0.90 UUID=0df810f9:0f4dae37:057f2a42:d48535a0
[root@linux220 ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
261120 inodes, 522048 blocks
26102 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16320 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 29 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@linux220 ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/md0
tune2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem volume name:   <none>
Last mounted on:          <not available>
Filesystem UUID:          5c208e34-b724-4d17-8310-5a3a548c60b1
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #:    1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features:      has_journal resize_inode dir_index filetype sparse_super large_file
Default mount options:    (none)
Filesystem state:         clean
Errors behavior:          Continue
Filesystem OS type:       Linux
Inode count:              261120
Block count:              522048
Reserved block count:     26102
Free blocks:              504874
Free inodes:              261109
First block:              0
Block size:               4096
Fragment size:            4096
Reserved GDT blocks:      127
Blocks per group:         32768
Fragments per group:      32768
Inodes per group:         16320
Inode blocks per group:   510
Filesystem created:       Tue Apr 26 16:35:08 2016
Last mount time:          n/a
Last write time:          Tue Apr 26 16:35:09 2016
Mount count:              0
Maximum mount count:      29
Last checked:             Tue Apr 26 16:35:08 2016
Check interval:           15552000 (6 months)
Next check after:         Sun Oct 23 16:35:08 2016
Reserved blocks uid:      0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid:      0 (group root)
First inode:              11
Inode size:               128
Journal inode:            8
Default directory hash:   tea
Directory Hash Seed:      139bd09f-df77-4e4f-8b50-9ec2e859a5ff
Journal backup:           inode blocks
[root@linux220 ~]# mkdir -p /raid0
[root@linux220 ~]# mount /dev/md0 /raid0
[root@linux220 ~]# df -h
Filesystem    Type    Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1     ext3     36G 3.1G   31G 10% /
/dev/sda8     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data1
/dev/sda7     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data2
/dev/sda6     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data3
/dev/sda5     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data4
/dev/sda3     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /home
tmpfs        tmpfs    506M     0 506M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/md0      ext3    2.0G   36M 1.9G   2% /raid0
[root@linux220 ~]# vi /etc/fstab
[root@linux220 ~]# cat /etc/fstab
LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
LABEL=/data1            /data1                  ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/data2            /data2                  ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/data3            /data3                  ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/data4            /data4                  ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/home             /home                   ext3    defaults        1 2
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda2         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
#
# (1) Specific Configuration(EX: Normal Disk Works)
#
#/dev/sdb1              /testmount              ext3    defaults        1 2
#LABEL=/testmount       /testmount              ext3    defaults        1 2
#
# (2) Oracle Disk Mount
#
#/dev/sdc1              /oracle                 ext3    defaults        1 2
#
# (3) LVM Configuration
#
#/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1    /lv1                    ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/vg1/lv2           /lv2                    ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG1/LV1           /lvm1                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG1/LV2           /lvm2                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG2/LV3           /lvm3                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG2/LV4           /lvm4                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#
# (4) RAID Configuration
#
/dev/md0                /raid0                  ext3    defaults        1 2
[root@linux220 ~]# tail /etc/fstab
#/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1    /lv1                    ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/vg1/lv2           /lv2                    ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG1/LV1           /lvm1                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG1/LV2           /lvm2                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG2/LV3           /lvm3                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG2/LV4           /lvm4                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#
# (4) RAID Configuration
#
/dev/md0                /raid0                  ext3    defaults        1 2
[root@linux220 ~]# cd
[root@linux220 ~]# umount /raid0
[root@linux220 ~]# vi /etc/fstab
[root@linux220 ~]# tail /etc/fstab
#/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1    /lv1                    ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/vg1/lv2           /lv2                    ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG1/LV1           /lvm1                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG1/LV2           /lvm2                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG2/LV3           /lvm3                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG2/LV4           /lvm4                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#
# (4) RAID Configuration
#
#/dev/md0               /raid0                  ext3    defaults        1 2
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --stop /dev/md0
mdadm: stopped /dev/md0
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --remove /dev/md0
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
[root@linux220 ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0]
unused devices: <none>
[root@linux220 ~]# rm -f /etc/mdadm.conf

일반적인 디스크 구성 & LVM & RAID 비교

일반적인 디스크 구성
# fdisk /dev/sdc(83)
# fdisk /dev/sdd(83)

# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdc1
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdd1
# vi /etc/fstab
# mkdir /oracle /data
# mount /oracle
# mount /data

LVM
# fdisk /dev/sdc(8e)
# fdisk /dev/sdd(8e)
# pvcreate /dev/sd[cd]1
# vgcreate vg1 /dev/sd[cd]1
# lvcreate -L 1G -n lv1 vg1
# lvcreate -l +100%FREE -n lv2 vg1
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/vg1/lv1
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/vg1/lv2
# vi /etc/fstab
# mkdir /oracle /data
# mount /oracle
# mount /data

RAID
# fdisk /dev/sdc(fd)
# fdisk /dev/sdd(fd)
# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=0 -raid-device=2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1

# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0
# vi /etc/fstab
# mkdir /oracle
# mount /oracle

[EX3] RAID 1 구성

■ RAID 1 구성 절차

(ㄱ) 파티션 타입 설정
# fdisk /dev/sdc
# fdisk /dev/sdd

(ㄴ) RAID 구성
# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-device=2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
# echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm.conf
# mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm.conf

(ㄷ) F/S 생성
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0

(ㄹ) 마운트
# vi /etc/fstab
# mkdir /raid1 ; mount /raid1

■ RAID 1 구성 해제 절차

(ㄱ) 언마운트
# vi /etc/fstab
# umount /raid1

(ㄴ) RAID 구성 삭제
# mdadm --stop /dev/md0
# mdadm --remove /dev/md0
# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
# rm /etc/mdadm.conf

[TERM2] 모니터링 윈도우
# watch cat /proc/mdstat (# watch CMD)

Every 2.0s: cat /proc/mdstat                                                Wed Jan 22 16:32:41 2014
Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid0] [raid1]
md0 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0]
      1044096 blocks [2/2] [UU]
      [=======>.............] resync = 35.3% (370176/1044096) finish=0.3min speed=37017K/sec
unused devices: <none>

Every 2.0s: cat /proc/mdstat Wed Jan 22 16:33:09 2014
Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid0] [raid1]
md0 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0]
1044096 blocks [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>

[TERM1] 명령어 윈도우

[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-device=2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
mdadm: /dev/sdc1 appears to contain an ext2fs file system
    size=2088192K mtime=Tue Apr 26 16:36:08 2016
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
        Version : 0.90
Creation Time : Tue Apr 26 16:49:59 2016
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 1044096 (1019.80 MiB 1069.15 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1044096 (1019.80 MiB 1069.15 MB)
   Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Preferred Minor : 0
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Tue Apr 26 16:49:59 2016
State : clean, resyncing
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0

Rebuild Status : 33% complete

UUID : b8cb6388:ab010e23:3645d74c:d0448194
Events : 0.1

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       1       8       49        1      active sync   /dev/sdd1
[root@linux220 ~]# echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/madam.conf
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/madam.conf
[root@linux220 ~]# mv /etc/madam.conf /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@linux220 ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf
DEVICE partitions
ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid1 num-devices=2 metadata=0.90 UUID=b8cb6388:ab010e23:3645d74c:d0448194
[root@linux220 ~]# mfks.ext3 /dev/md0
bash: mfks.ext3: command not found
[root@linux220 ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
130560 inodes, 261024 blocks
13051 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16320 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@linux220 ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/md0
tune2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem volume name:   <none>
Last mounted on:          <not available>
Filesystem UUID:          fe630964-3b4d-4a91-97b8-1140114f99be
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #:    1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features:      has_journal resize_inode dir_index filetype sparse_super large_file
Default mount options:    (none)
Filesystem state:         clean
Errors behavior:          Continue
Filesystem OS type:       Linux
Inode count:              130560
Block count:              261024
Reserved block count:     13051
Free blocks:              252495
Free inodes:              130549
First block:              0
Block size:               4096
Fragment size:            4096
Reserved GDT blocks:      63
Blocks per group:         32768
Fragments per group:      32768
Inodes per group:         16320
Inode blocks per group:   510
Filesystem created:       Tue Apr 26 16:51:24 2016
Last mount time:          n/a
Last write time:          Tue Apr 26 16:51:24 2016
Mount count:              0
Maximum mount count:      32
Last checked:             Tue Apr 26 16:51:24 2016
Check interval:           15552000 (6 months)
Next check after:         Sun Oct 23 16:51:24 2016
Reserved blocks uid:      0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid:      0 (group root)
First inode:              11
Inode size:               128
Journal inode:            8
Default directory hash:   tea
Directory Hash Seed:      e885a862-bc7a-4990-ac93-7e6791b7487d
Journal backup:           inode blocks
[root@linux220 ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/md0
[root@linux220 ~]# mkdir -p /raid1
[root@linux220 ~]# mounr /dev/md0 /raid1
bash: mounr: command not found
[root@linux220 ~]# mount /dev/md0 /raid1
[root@linux220 ~]# df -h
Filesystem    Type    Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1     ext3     36G 3.1G   31G 10% /
/dev/sda8     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data1
/dev/sda7     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data2
/dev/sda6     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data3
/dev/sda5     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data4
/dev/sda3     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /home
tmpfs        tmpfs    506M     0 506M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/md0      ext3   1004M   18M 936M   2% /raid1
[root@linux220 ~]# vi /etc/fstab
[root@linux220 ~]# tail /etc/fstab
#/dev/vg1/lv2           /lv2                    ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG1/LV1           /lvm1                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG1/LV2           /lvm2                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG2/LV3           /lvm3                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG2/LV4           /lvm4                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#
# (4) RAID Configuration
#
#/dev/md0               /raid0                  ext3    defaults        1 2
/dev/md0                /raid1                  ext3    defaults        1 2
[root@linux220 ~]# cd /raid1
[root@linux220 /raid1]# cp /etc/services file1
[root@linux220 /raid1]# cp file1 file2
[root@linux220 /raid1]# cp file1 file3
[root@linux220 /raid1]# cp file1 file4
[root@linux220 /raid1]# cp file1 file5
[root@linux220 /raid1]# ls
file1 file2 file3 file4 file5 lost+found
[root@linux220 /raid1]# cd
[root@linux220 ~]# umount /raid1
[root@linux220 ~]# vi /etc/fstab
[root@linux220 ~]# tail /etc/fstab
#/dev/vg1/lv2           /lv2                    ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG1/LV1           /lvm1                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG1/LV2           /lvm2                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG2/LV3           /lvm3                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG2/LV4           /lvm4                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#
# (4) RAID Configuration
#
#/dev/md0               /raid0                  ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/md0               /raid1                  ext3    defaults        1 2
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --stop /dev/md0
mdadm: stopped /dev/md0
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --remove /dev/md0
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
[root@linux220 ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1]
unused devices: <none>
[root@linux220 ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf
DEVICE partitions
ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid1 num-devices=2 metadata=0.90 UUID=b8cb6388:ab010e23:3645d74c:d0448194
[root@linux220 ~]# rm -f /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@linux220 ~]# mount /dev/sdc1 /raid0
[root@linux220 ~]# mount /dev/sdd1 /raid1
[root@linux220 ~]# ls -l /raid0 /raid1
/raid0:
합계 1.8M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 354K 4월 26 16:54 file1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 354K 4월 26 16:54 file2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 354K 4월 26 16:54 file3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 354K 4월 26 16:54 file4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 354K 4월 26 16:54 file5
drwx------ 2 root root 16K 4월 26 16:51 lost+found

/raid1:
합계 1.8M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 354K 4월 26 16:54 file1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 354K 4월 26 16:54 file2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 354K 4월 26 16:54 file3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 354K 4월 26 16:54 file4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 354K 4월 26 16:54 file5
drwx------ 2 root root 16K 4월 26 16:51 lost+found
[root@linux220 ~]# umount /raid0
[root@linux220 ~]# umount /raid1

[EX4] RAID5 구성

■ RAID 5 구성 절차

(ㄱ) 파티션 타입 설정
# fdisk /dev/sdc
# fdisk /dev/sdd
# fdisk /dev/sde

(ㄴ) RAID 구성
# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-device=3 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
# echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm.conf
# mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm.conf

(ㄷ) F/S 생성
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0

(ㄹ) 마운트
# vi /etc/fstab
# mkdir /raid5 ; mount /raid5

■ RAID 1 구성 해제 절차

(ㄱ) 언마운트
# vi /etc/fstab
# umount /raid5

(ㄴ) RAID 구성 삭제
# mdadm --stop /dev/md0
# mdadm --remove /dev/md0
# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
# rm /etc/mdadm.conf

① RAID 5 구성

[TERM1] 모니터링 윈도우
# watch cat /proc/mdstat (# watch CMD)

[TERM2] 명령어 윈도우

[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-device=3 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
mdadm: /dev/sdc1 appears to contain an ext2fs file system
    size=1044096K mtime=Tue Apr 26 16:56:57 2016
mdadm: /dev/sdd1 appears to contain an ext2fs file system
    size=1044096K mtime=Tue Apr 26 16:57:01 2016
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
        Version : 0.90
Creation Time : Tue Apr 26 17:35:20 2016
     Raid Level : raid5
     Array Size : 2088192 (2039.59 MiB 2138.31 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1044096 (1019.80 MiB 1069.15 MB)
   Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 3
Preferred Minor : 0
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Tue Apr 26 17:35:20 2016
State : clean, degraded, recovering
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1

Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 64K

Rebuild Status : 15% complete

UUID : 4a4951a5:ff26fc88:ed0bd9eb:b3436f81
Events : 0.1

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       1       8       49        1      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       3       8       65        2      spare rebuilding   /dev/sde1
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
        Version : 0.90
Creation Time : Tue Apr 26 17:35:20 2016
     Raid Level : raid5
     Array Size : 2088192 (2039.59 MiB 2138.31 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1044096 (1019.80 MiB 1069.15 MB)
   Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 3
Preferred Minor : 0
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Tue Apr 26 17:36:55 2016
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0

Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 64K

UUID : 4a4951a5:ff26fc88:ed0bd9eb:b3436f81
Events : 0.2

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       1       8       49        1      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       2       8       65        2      active sync   /dev/sde1
[root@linux220 ~]# echo "DEVICE partitions"
DEVICE partitions
[root@linux220 ~]# echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@linux220 ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf
DEVICE partitions
ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid5 num-devices=3 metadata=0.90 UUID=4a4951a5:ff26fc88:ed0bd9eb:b3436f81
[root@linux220 ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
261120 inodes, 522048 blocks
26102 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16320 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 25 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@linux220 ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/md0
tune2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem volume name:   <none>
Last mounted on:          <not available>
Filesystem UUID:          1a526327-4dc4-49da-a4d5-6a513fb1dc47
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #:    1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features:      has_journal resize_inode dir_index filetype sparse_super large_file
Default mount options:    (none)
Filesystem state:         clean
Errors behavior:          Continue
Filesystem OS type:       Linux
Inode count:              261120
Block count:              522048
Reserved block count:     26102
Free blocks:              504874
Free inodes:              261109
First block:              0
Block size:               4096
Fragment size:            4096
Reserved GDT blocks:      127
Blocks per group:         32768
Fragments per group:      32768
Inodes per group:         16320
Inode blocks per group:   510
Filesystem created:       Tue Apr 26 17:37:43 2016
Last mount time:          n/a
Last write time:          Tue Apr 26 17:37:43 2016
Mount count:              0
Maximum mount count:      25
Last checked:             Tue Apr 26 17:37:43 2016
Check interval:           15552000 (6 months)
Next check after:         Sun Oct 23 17:37:43 2016
Reserved blocks uid:      0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid:      0 (group root)
First inode:              11
Inode size:               128
Journal inode:            8
Default directory hash:   tea
Directory Hash Seed:      fb4fdfb4-aac3-4dc9-81ff-78bd0732ecc0
Journal backup:           inode blocks
[root@linux220 ~]# mkdir /raid5
[root@linux220 ~]# mount /dev/md0 /raid5
[root@linux220 ~]# df -h
Filesystem    Type    Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1     ext3     36G 3.1G   31G 10% /
/dev/sda8     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data1
/dev/sda7     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data2
/dev/sda6     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data3
/dev/sda5     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data4
/dev/sda3     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /home
tmpfs        tmpfs    506M     0 506M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/md0      ext3    2.0G   36M 1.9G   2% /raid5
[root@linux220 ~]# vi /etc/fstab
[root@linux220 ~]# tail /etc/fstab
#/dev/VG1/LV1           /lvm1                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG1/LV2           /lvm2                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG2/LV3           /lvm3                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG2/LV4           /lvm4                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#
# (4) RAID Configuration
#
#/dev/md0               /raid0                  ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/md0               /raid1                  ext3    defaults        1 2
/dev/md0                /raid5                  ext3    defaults        1 2
[root@linux220 ~]# cd
[root@linux220 ~]# umount /raid5
[root@linux220 ~]# vi /fstab
[root@linux220 ~]# vi /etc/fstab
[root@linux220 ~]# tail /etc/fstab
#/dev/VG1/LV1           /lvm1                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG1/LV2           /lvm2                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG2/LV3           /lvm3                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/VG2/LV4           /lvm4                   ext3    defaults        1 2
#
# (4) RAID Configuration
#
#/dev/md0               /raid0                  ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/md0               /raid1                  ext3    defaults        1 2
#/dev/md0               /raid5                  ext3    defaults        1 2
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --stop /dev/md0
mdadm: stopped /dev/md0
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --remove /dev/md0
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
[root@linux220 ~]# rm -f /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@linux220 ~]# cat mdadm.conf
cat: mdadm.conf: 그런 파일이나 디렉토리가 없음

[EX5] 장애 디스크 교체 과정(시스템 종료없이 디스크 교체)

o RAID 1 / RAID 5 구성된 장치에 대해서는 온라인상에서 장애 디스크 교체가 가능하다.
(RAID 1) # mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-device=2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
(RAID 5) # mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-device=3 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1

o 아래 실습에서는 RAID 5 가지고 실습을 하였다.

① RAID 5 구성 # mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-device=3 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1

-> 임시적인 테스트이기 때문에 /etc/mdadm.conf 파일에 정의하지는 않는다.

[참고] watch CMD (# watch CMD)

# watch cat /proc/mdstat
<CTRL + C>

[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-device=3 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
mdadm: /dev/sdc1 appears to contain an ext2fs file system
    size=2088192K mtime=Tue Apr 26 17:38:12 2016
mdadm: /dev/sde1 appears to contain an ext2fs file system
    size=2088192K mtime=Tue Apr 26 17:38:12 2016
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
[root@linux220 ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
261120 inodes, 522048 blocks
26102 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16320 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 29 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@linux220 ~]# mount /dev/md0 /raid5
[root@linux220 ~]# df -h
Filesystem    Type    Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1     ext3     36G 3.1G   31G 10% /
/dev/sda8     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data1
/dev/sda7     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data2
/dev/sda6     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data3
/dev/sda5     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data4
/dev/sda3     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /home
tmpfs        tmpfs    506M     0 506M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/md0      ext3    2.0G   36M 1.9G   2% /raid5
[root@linux220 ~]# cd /raid5
[root@linux220 /raid5]# cp /etc/passwd file1
[root@linux220 /raid5]# cp /etc/group file2
[root@linux220 /raid5]# ls
file1 file2 lost+found
[root@linux220 /raid5]# cd
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
        Version : 0.90
Creation Time : Tue Apr 26 17:44:08 2016
     Raid Level : raid5
     Array Size : 2088192 (2039.59 MiB 2138.31 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1044096 (1019.80 MiB 1069.15 MB)
   Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 3
Preferred Minor : 0
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Tue Apr 26 17:45:41 2016
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0

Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 64K

UUID : e6376fe1:482b1746:cbeaccd3:2c2d14be
Events : 0.16

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       1       8       49        1      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       2       8       65        2      active sync   /dev/sde1
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm /dev/md0 -f /dev/sdd1
mdadm: set /dev/sdd1 faulty in /dev/md0
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
        Version : 0.90
Creation Time : Tue Apr 26 17:44:08 2016
     Raid Level : raid5
     Array Size : 2088192 (2039.59 MiB 2138.31 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1044096 (1019.80 MiB 1069.15 MB)
   Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 3
Preferred Minor : 0
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Tue Apr 26 17:46:53 2016
State : clean, degraded
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 1
Spare Devices : 0

Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 64K

UUID : e6376fe1:482b1746:cbeaccd3:2c2d14be
Events : 0.18

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       1       0        0        1      removed
       2       8       65        2      active sync   /dev/sde1

       3       8       49        -      faulty spare   /dev/sdd1
[root@linux220 ~]# touch /raid5/file3
[root@linux220 ~]# ls /raid5
file1 file2 file3 lost+found
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm /dev/md0 -r /dev/sdd1
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdd1
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md0 | tail
         Layout : left-symmetric
     Chunk Size : 64K

UUID : e6376fe1:482b1746:cbeaccd3:2c2d14be
Events : 0.24

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       1       0        0        1      removed
       2       8       65        2      active sync   /dev/sde1
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
        Version : 0.90
Creation Time : Tue Apr 26 17:44:08 2016
     Raid Level : raid5
     Array Size : 2088192 (2039.59 MiB 2138.31 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1044096 (1019.80 MiB 1069.15 MB)
   Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 2
Preferred Minor : 0
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Tue Apr 26 17:49:52 2016
State : clean, degraded
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0

Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 64K

UUID : e6376fe1:482b1746:cbeaccd3:2c2d14be
Events : 0.24

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       1       0        0        1      removed
       2       8       65        2      active sync   /dev/sde1
[root@linux220 ~]# touch /raid5/file4
[root@linux220 ~]# ls /raid5
file1 file2 file3 file4 lost+found
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm /dev/md0 -a /dev/sdd1
mdadm: re-added /dev/sdd1
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
        Version : 0.90
Creation Time : Tue Apr 26 17:44:08 2016
     Raid Level : raid5
     Array Size : 2088192 (2039.59 MiB 2138.31 MB)
Used Dev Size : 1044096 (1019.80 MiB 1069.15 MB)
   Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 3
Preferred Minor : 0
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Tue Apr 26 17:53:05 2016
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0

Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 64K

UUID : e6376fe1:482b1746:cbeaccd3:2c2d14be
Events : 0.30

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       1       8       49        1      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       2       8       65        2      active sync   /dev/sde1
[root@linux220 ~]# cd
[root@linux220 ~]# umount /raid5
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --stop /dev/md0
mdadm: stopped /dev/md0
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --remove /dev/md0
[root@linux220 ~]# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
[root@linux220 ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf
cat: /etc/mdadm.conf: 그런 파일이나 디렉토리가 없음

[EX] 추가적인 실습

(ㄱ) 디스크 준비
/dev/sdc1(1G), /dev/sdd1(1G), /dev/sde1(1G), /dev/sdf1(1G),
/dev/sdg1(1G), /dev/sdh1(1G), /dev/sdi1(1G)

(ㄴ) RAID 구현 절차
RAID 구성(mdadm --create) -> F/S(mkfs.ext3) -> Mount(mount,/etc/fstab)
/etc/mdadm.conf

(ㄷ) 작업 시나리오
RAID 0 (/dev/md0) - /dev/sdc1, /dev/sdd1 => /raid0
RAID 1 (/dev/md1) - /dev/sde1, /dev/sdf1 => /raid1
RAID 5 (/dev/md5) - /dev/sdg1, /dev/sdh1, /dev/sdi1 => /raid5

# time dd if=/dev/zero of=/test/file1 bs=500M count=1
# time dd if=/dev/zero of=/raid0/file1 bs=500M count=1
# time dd if=/dev/zero of=/raid1/file1 bs=500M count=1
# time dd if=/dev/zero of=/raid5/file1 bs=500M count=1

(ㄹ) RAID 삭제
Umount(umount, /etc/fstab) -> RAID 구성 삭제(mdadm --stop)
/etc/mdadm.conf
(ㅁ) 참고
# cat /proc/mdstat
# mdadm —detail /dev/md0
# ls –l /etc/mdadm.conf

--------------------------------- 작업 과정 ------------------------------------
(ㄱ) 디스크 준비 # chkconfig kudzu on
# poweroff
새로운 디스크 장착(EX: /dev/sdi)
Power ON
# fdisk /dev/sdc
# fdisk /dev/sdd
# fdisk /dev/sde
# fdisk /dev/sdf
# fdisk /dev/sdg
# fdisk /dev/sdh
# fdisk /dev/sdi
# fdisk –l /dev/sd? | grep raid
(ㄴ) RAID 구성 작업 # mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-device=2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
# mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level=1 --raid-device=2 /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1
# mdadm --create /dev/md5 --level=5 --raid-device=3 /dev/sdg1 /dev/sdh1 /dev/sdi1
# cat /proc/mdstat
# echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm.conf
# mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm.conf
# cat /etc/mdadm.conf
(ㄷ) 파일시스템 작업
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md1
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md5

(ㄹ) 마운트 작업 # mkdir -p /raid0 /raid1 /raid5
# vi /etc/fstab
# mount /raid0
# mount /raid1
# mount /raid5
# df -h
(ㅁ) 파일생성 테스트 # time dd if=/dev/zero of=/test/file1 bs=500M count=1 (0m5.689s:0m7.838s:0m6.675s
# time dd if=/dev/zero of=/raid0/file1 bs=500M count=1 (0m3.325s:0m5.658s:0m8.190s
# time dd if=/dev/zero of=/raid1/file1 bs=500M count=1 (0m2.314s:0m6.844s:0m9.022s
# time dd if=/dev/zero of=/raid5/file1 bs=500M count=1 (0m1.925s:0m1.982s:0m7.252s
(ㅂ) RAID 삭제
# umount /raid0
# umount /raid1
# umount /raid5
# vi /etc/fstab
# df -h
# mdadm --stop /dev/md0
# mdadm --stop /dev/md1
# mdadm --stop /dev/md5
# cat /proc/mdstat
# mdadm --remove /dev/md0
# mdadm --remove /dev/md1
# mdadm --remove /dev/md5
# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1
# mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdg1 /dev/sdh1 /dev/sdi1
# rm /etc/mdadm.conf
# ls -l /etc/mdadm.conf
--------------------------------- 작업 과정 ------------------------------------

[참고] RAID & LVM 비교

o RAID

RAID 0 concatenate
RAID 0 stripe

RAID 1 Mirror

RAID 5 with parity(stripe)

o LVM

LVM 기본 구성
LVM stripe 구성

LVM Mirror 구성

기능 지원 X

(실무 예) RAID/LVM 사용 예

o 운영체제 디스크(OS DISK)

H/W RAID 구성(RAID Controller)

----- H/W ----- ----- OS -----
Disk1 ----------+----------> /dev/sda(적당하게 파티션 작업)
|
Disk2 ----------+

o 데이터 디스크(DATA DISK)

H/W RAID(Storage/Array) + LVM 구성

H/W RAID 구성(RAID Controller)

----- Stroage ----- ----- OS -----
RAID 1 + 0(LUN) --------------> /dev/sd[bcdefg] --- LVM Stripe --->
or
RAID 5 / 6(LUN) --------------> /dev/sd[bcdefg] --- LVM Stripe --->

RPM(Redhat Package Manager)

http://rpmfind.net
http://rpm.pbone.net
ftp://ftp.daum.net

[참고] 오픈소스 프로젝트(한국 미러링 사이트)
http://ftp.daum.net
http://ftp.kaist.ac.kr
http://mirror.khlug.org
http://mirror.korea.ac.kr
http://ftp.neowiz.com/pub
http://mirror.cdnetworks.com

■ rpm 패키지 다운로드 사이트
http://rpmfind.net
http://rpm.pbone.net
ftp://ftp.daum.net

(명령어 사용예)

■ RPM 패키지 설치 및 업데이트

# rpm -ivh package-filename.rpm /* 패키지 설치, 이전 버전이 존재하는 경우 이전 버전의 패키지를 삭제하지 않고 새 버전 설치 */
(-i: install, -v: verbose, -h: hash) 특이한 경우에만 사용 커널이라거나

# rpm -Fvh package-filename.rpm /* 패키지 업데이트, 이전 버전의 패키지가 있을 경우만 패키지를 설치 */
(-F: Freshen)

# rpm -Uvh package-filename.rpm /* 패키지 업데이트, 이전 버전이면 업그레이드 하고 없으면 설치 */
(-U: Upgrade)

# rpm -ivh --nodeps package-filename.rpm /* 의존성 체크 안함, 의존성 문제를 무시하고 설치 */
(-nodeps: no dependency)

# rpm -Uvh --force package-filename.rpm /* 패키지 충돌이 방생해도 강제적으로 설치 */

■ RPM 패키지 삭제

# rpm -e package-filename /* 패키지 삭제 */
(-e: erase)

# rpm -e --nodeps package-filename /* 패키지 삭제, 의존성 문제를 무시하고 패키지 삭제
(--nodeps: no dependency)

■ RPM 패키지 정보 확인

# rpm -qa package-filename /* 지정된 패키지 설치 유무 확인 */
(-q: query, -a: all)

# rpm -qa | grep package-filename /* 전체 패키지 목록에서 지정된 패키지 설치 유무 확인 */

# rpm -qi package-filename /* 설치된 패키지의 자세한 정보 확인 */
(-i: information)

# rpm -ql package-filename /* 설치된 패키지의 파일과 디렉토리 목록 확인 */
(-l: list)

# rpm -qf /usr/bin/ls /* 지정된 파일이 포함된 패키지 이름 확인 */
(-f: file)

# rpm -qip package-filename.rpm /* 설치하고자 하는 패키지의 자세한 정보 확인 */
(-p: packages file)

(패키지 파일 이름 형식)
(예) name-version-release.architecture.rpm
     kernel-2.6.9-42.0.2.EL.i686.rpm
     kernel-2.6.18-164.el5.x86_64.rpm
     kernel-2.6.18-164.el5.src.rpm

종류 필드 이름 설명

kernel 패키지 이름 어떤 패키지인가를 설명해주는 패키지의 이름을 나타낸다.

2.6.9 패키지 버전 패키지의 버전을 의미한다.

49.0.2.EL 패키지 릴리즈 한 버전의 패키지를 몇 번 빌드했는지알 수 있다. EL(Enterprise Linux)

i686       패키지 아키텍쳐 패키지 아키텍쳐를 나타낸다.
                            source : .src.rpm
                            noarch : .noarch.rpm
                            binary : .i386.rpm
                                     (i386, i586, i686, x86, x86_64 등)

rpm 패키지 확장자 레드햇(RedHat) 운영체제에서 사용하는 패키지의 이름은 .rpm이다.

[참고] 패키지 아키텍쳐(Package Architecture) 종류의 차이점

패키지 아키텍쳐(Package Architecture) 종류의 차이점

해당 패키지 다운 받을때에 i386 이니 뭐니 이런 것들은 소스코드를 각각의 CPU 에 적합하게 컴파일 된 것을 의미하게 됩니다.

l i386 : 인텔(Intel) 80386 CPU 계열의 CPU 의미(32bit intel-compatible CPU)

l i586 : 인텔(Intel) 80586 CPU 계열의 Pentium CPU 의미

l i686 : 인텔(Intel) 80686 CPU 계열의 Pentium Pro 이상의 CPU 의미
(686 class 32bit intel-compatibel CPU)

l x86 : 위에서 언급한 CPU(i386/i586/i686) 의미
(x386, x586, x686 모든 플랫폼에서 동작하는 것을 의미)

l x86_64 : 64비트 CPU 환경에서 동작하는 것을 의미

l athlon : AMD Athlon CPU

l sparc : 32bit or 64bit SPARC CPU

l sparc64: 64bibt UltraSPARC CPU

[EX1] 패키지 설치 확인

① 패키지 전체 목록 확인

# rpm -qa | more

[root@linux220 ~]# rpm -qa | more
cracklib-dicts-2.8.9-3.3
centos-release-notes-5.5-0
man-pages-2.39-15.el5_4
popt-1.10.2.3-18.el5
audit-libs-1.7.17-3.el5
info-4.8-14.el5
libsepol-1.15.2-3.el5
libacl-2.2.39-6.el5
libfontenc-1.0.2-2.2.el5
libieee1284-0.2.9-4.el5
slang-2.0.6-4.el5
iptables-1.3.5-5.3.el5_4.1
perl-5.8.8-27.el5
bzip2-1.0.3-4.el5_2
cdparanoia-libs-alpha9.8-27.2
libsysfs-2.0.0-6
psutils-1.17-26.1
libiec61883-1.0.0-11.fc6
time-1.7-27.2.2
cyrus-sasl-plain-2.1.22-5.el5_4.3
eject-2.1.5-4.2.el5
mingetty-1.07-5.2.2
lftp-3.7.11-4.el5
jwhois-3.2.3-8.el5
telnet-0.17-39.el5
traceroute-2.0.1-5.el5
rsh-0.17-40.el5
joystick-1.2.15-20.2.2
perl-IO-Zlib-1.04-4.2.1
perl-Net-IP-1.25-2.fc6
libXrender-0.9.1-3.1
libXxf86vm-1.0.1-3.1
libXdamage-1.0.3-2.1
libXfontcache-1.0.2-3.1
grub-0.97-13.5
krb5-libs-1.6.1-36.el5_4.1
libXft-2.1.10-1.1
mesa-libGL-6.5.1-7.8.el5
e2fsprogs-1.39-23.el5
libsmbclient-3.0.33-3.28.el5
[root@linux220 ~]# rpm -qa | wc -l
836
[root@linux220 ~]# rpm -q openssh
openssh-4.3p2-41.el5
[root@linux220 ~]# rpm -qa openssh
openssh-4.3p2-41.el5
[root@linux220 ~]# rpm -qa | grep openss
openssh-server-4.3p2-41.el5
openssh-4.3p2-41.el5
openssh-askpass-4.3p2-41.el5
openssl-0.9.8e-12.el5_4.6
openssh-clients-4.3p2-41.el5
[root@linux220 ~]# rpm -qa openssh openssh-server openssh-clients
openssh-server-4.3p2-41.el5
openssh-4.3p2-41.el5
openssh-clients-4.3p2-41.el5
[root@linux220 ~]# rpm -qa | grep php
php-common-5.1.6-27.el5
php-5.1.6-27.el5
php-ldap-5.1.6-27.el5
php-cli-5.1.6-27.el5
[root@linux220 ~]# rpm -e php
[root@linux220 ~]# rpm -qa | grep php
php-common-5.1.6-27.el5
php-ldap-5.1.6-27.el5
php-cli-5.1.6-27.el5

[EX3] 시스템에 패키지 설치

■ 시스템 패키지 설치 방법

- CD 안에서 패키지를 검색하여 설치하는 방법
- 인터넷상에서 패키지를 다운로드 하여 설치하는 방법
- http://rpmfind.net
- http://rpm.pbone.net
- ftp://ftp.daum.net

■ CD 안에 패키지 검색하여 설치하는 방법

(전제 조건) CD가 마운트 되어 있어야 한다.
- VMware > VM > Settings > CD/DVD

[root@linux220 ~]# df -h
Filesystem    Type    Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1     ext3     36G 3.1G   31G 10% /
/dev/sda8     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data1
/dev/sda7     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data2
/dev/sda6     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data3
/dev/sda5     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data4
/dev/sda3     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /home
tmpfs        tmpfs    506M     0 506M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/hdc   iso9660    3.9G 3.9G     0 100% /media/CentOS_5.5_Final
[root@linux220 ~]# cd /media/CentOS_5.5_Final/CentOS/
[root@linux220 /media/CentOS_5.5_Final/CentOS]# ls php*
php-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm         php-imap-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm      php-pear-1.4.9-6.el5.noarch.rpm
php-bcmath-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm php-ldap-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm      php-pgsql-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm
php-cli-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm     php-mbstring-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm php-snmp-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm
php-common-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm php-mysql-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm     php-soap-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm
php-dba-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm     php-ncurses-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm   php-xml-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm
php-devel-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm   php-odbc-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm      php-xmlrpc-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm
php-gd-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm      php-pdo-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm
[root@linux220 /media/CentOS_5.5_Final/CentOS]# rpm -qip php-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm
Name        : php                          Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version     : 5.1.6                             Vendor: CentOS
Release     : 27.el5                        Build Date:
Install Date: (not installed)               Build Host: builder17.centos.org
Group       : Development/Languages         Source RPM: php-5.1.6-27.el5.src.rpm
Size        : 6175386                          License: The PHP License v3.01
Signature   : DSA/SHA1, 2010년 04월 27일 (화) 오전 05시 00분 31초, Key ID a8a447dce8562897
URL         : http://www.php.net/
Summary     : PHP HTML-내장된 스크립트 언어. (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor)
Description :
PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting language. PHP attempts to make it
easy for developers to write dynamically generated webpages. PHP also
offers built-in database integration for several commercial and
non-commercial database management systems, so writing a
database-enabled webpage with PHP is fairly simple. The most common
use of PHP coding is probably as a replacement for CGI scripts.

The php package contains the module which adds support for the PHP
language to Apache HTTP Server.
[root@linux220 /media/CentOS_5.5_Final/CentOS]# rpm -Uvh php-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm
준비 중...               ########################################### [100%]
   1:php                    ########################################### [100%]
[root@linux220 /media/CentOS_5.5_Final/CentOS]# rpm -qa | grep php
php-common-5.1.6-27.el5
php-ldap-5.1.6-27.el5
php-5.1.6-27.el5
php-cli-5.1.6-27.el5
[root@linux220 /media/CentOS_5.5_Final/CentOS]# rpm -qi php-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm
php-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm 패키지가 설치되어 있지 않습니다
[root@linux220 /media/CentOS_5.5_Final/CentOS]# rpm -qi php-5.1.6-27.el5
Name        : php                          Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version     : 5.1.6                             Vendor: CentOS
Release     : 27.el5                        Build Date:
Install Date:                                  Build Host: builder17.centos.org
Group       : Development/Languages         Source RPM: php-5.1.6-27.el5.src.rpm
Size        : 6175386                          License: The PHP License v3.01
Signature   : DSA/SHA1, 2010년 04월 27일 (화) 오전 05시 00분 31초, Key ID a8a447dce8562897
URL         : http://www.php.net/
Summary     : PHP HTML-내장된 스크립트 언어. (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor)
Description :
PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting language. PHP attempts to make it
easy for developers to write dynamically generated webpages. PHP also
offers built-in database integration for several commercial and
non-commercial database management systems, so writing a
database-enabled webpage with PHP is fairly simple. The most common
use of PHP coding is probably as a replacement for CGI scripts.

The php package contains the module which adds support for the PHP
language to Apache HTTP Server.
[root@linux220 /media/CentOS_5.5_Final/CentOS]# rpm -e php
[root@linux220 /media/CentOS_5.5_Final/CentOS]# rpm -qa | grep php
php-common-5.1.6-27.el5
php-ldap-5.1.6-27.el5
php-cli-5.1.6-27.el5
[root@linux220 /media/CentOS_5.5_Final/CentOS]# cd /test
[root@linux220 /test]# ssh 172.16.9.252 ls /root/pkg/php
php-5.1.6-23.2.el5_3.i386.rpm
php-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm
php-5.1.6-39.el5_8.i386.rpm
php-5.1.6-40.el5_9.i386.rpm
php-5.1.6-43.el5_10.i386.rpm
php-5.1.6-44.el5_10.x86_64.rpm
[root@linux220 /test]# scp 172.16.9.252:/root/pkg/php/php-5.1.6-27.eI5.i386.rpm /test
scp: /root/pkg/php/php-5.1.6-27.eI5.i386.rpm: No such file or directory
[root@linux220 /test]# scp 172.16.9.252:/root/pkg/php/php-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm /test
php-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm                                                                  100% 2359KB   2.3MB/s   00:01
[root@linux220 /test]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 5.5 (Final)
[root@linux220 /test]# ls
a.iso home.tar.gz php-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm
[root@linux220 /test]# rpm -qip php-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm
Name        : php                          Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version     : 5.1.6                             Vendor: CentOS
Release     : 27.el5                        Build Date:
Install Date: (not installed)               Build Host: builder17.centos.org
Group       : Development/Languages         Source RPM: php-5.1.6-27.el5.src.rpm
Size        : 6175386                          License: The PHP License v3.01
Signature   : DSA/SHA1, 2010년 04월 27일 (화) 오전 05시 00분 31초, Key ID a8a447dce8562897
URL         : http://www.php.net/
Summary     : PHP HTML-내장된 스크립트 언어. (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor)
Description :
PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting language. PHP attempts to make it
easy for developers to write dynamically generated webpages. PHP also
offers built-in database integration for several commercial and
non-commercial database management systems, so writing a
database-enabled webpage with PHP is fairly simple. The most common
use of PHP coding is probably as a replacement for CGI scripts.

The php package contains the module which adds support for the PHP
language to Apache HTTP Server.
[root@linux220 /test]# rpm -Uvh php-5.1.6-27.el5.i386.rpm
준비 중...               ########################################### [100%]
   1:php                    ########################################### [100%]
[root@linux220 /test]# rpm -qa | grep php
php-common-5.1.6-27.el5
php-ldap-5.1.6-27.el5
php-cli-5.1.6-27.el5
php-5.1.6-27.el5
[root@linux220 /test]# which php
/usr/bin/php
[root@linux220 /test]# rpm -qf /usr/bin/php
php-cli-5.1.6-27.el5
[root@linux220 /test]# rpm -ql php
/etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf
/usr/lib/httpd/modules/libphp5-zts.so
/usr/lib/httpd/modules/libphp5.so
/var/lib/php/session
/var/www/icons/php.gif
[root@linux220 /test]# rpm -qi php
Name        : php                          Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version     : 5.1.6                             Vendor: CentOS
Release     : 27.el5                        Build Date:
Install Date:                                  Build Host: builder17.centos.org
Group       : Development/Languages         Source RPM: php-5.1.6-27.el5.src.rpm
Size        : 6175386                          License: The PHP License v3.01
Signature   : DSA/SHA1, 2010년 04월 27일 (화) 오전 05시 00분 31초, Key ID a8a447dce8562897
URL         : http://www.php.net/
Summary     : PHP HTML-내장된 스크립트 언어. (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor)
Description :
PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting language. PHP attempts to make it
easy for developers to write dynamically generated webpages. PHP also
offers built-in database integration for several commercial and
non-commercial database management systems, so writing a
database-enabled webpage with PHP is fairly simple. The most common
use of PHP coding is probably as a replacement for CGI scripts.

The php package contains the module which adds support for the PHP
language to Apache HTTP Server.
[root@linux220 /test]# rpm -qi -p php
오류: php(을)를 여는데 실패함: 그런 파일이나 디렉토리가 없음

(정리) 패키지 관리
rpm CMD(RedHat Packages Manager)
# rpm -ivh [--nodeps] pkg.rpm
# rpm -Uvh [--nodeps] pkg.rpm
# rpm -Fvh [--nodeps] pkg.rpm
# rpm -qa | grep pkg
# rpm -q pkg
# rpm -qf /etc/passwd
# rpm -ql pkg
# rpm –qi pkg
# rpm –qi -p pkg.rpm
# rpm -e [--nodeps] pkg

참조 http://blog.habonyphp.com/entry/%EB%A6%AC%EB%88%85%EC%8A%A4-rpm%EA%B3%BC-yum-%EB%AA%85%EB%A0%B9%EC%96%B4-%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EB%B2%95

YUM(Yellowdog Update Manager, Yellowdog Update Modified)

(명령어 형식)

# yum [options] COMMAND

(명령어 사용예)

# yum list (# yum list all)
# yum list installed
# yum list available

# yum -y update (rpm CMD 의 Fvh 옵션과 같음)
# yum -y install php (rpm CMD 의 Uvh 옵션과 같음)

# yum -y localinstall php

# yum (erase|remove) php

참조 https://www.lesstif.com/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=6979667
참조 http://ngee.tistory.com/127

[EX1] YUM 패키지 실습

① yum 패키지 설치 확인

# rpm -qa | grep yum

② 설치된 패키지와 업데이트 가능한 패키지 확인

# yum list

[root@linux220 ~]# yum list > yum.log 2>&1
[root@linux220 ~]# vi yum.log

그림1
그림2

(YUM List 파일로 저장하기)
# yum list | tee -a pkg.log (# yum list > yum.log 2>&1)

(YUM 패키지 다운로드 받는 위치) 패키지 저장소(RPM Package Repository)
installed : 설치 되어 있음
base      : ftp://centos.mirror.cdnetworks.com/centos/5.9/
updates   : ftp://centos.mirror.cdnetworks.com/centos/5.9/updates
extras    : ftp://centos.mirror.cdnetworks.com/centos/5.9/extras

③ 설치된 패키지 목록 확인

# yum list installed

# yum list installed mysql

# yum list all (# yum list)
# yum list installed [패키지이름]
# yum list available [패키지이름]
# yum list updates [패키지이름]
# yum list extras [패키지이름]
# yum list recent

④ 가장 최근에 추가된 패키지 목록 확인
l yum site에서 가장 최근에 업데이트된 목록을 확인한다.
# yum list recent

⑤ 업데이트 가능한 패키지 목록 확인
l yum site와 현재 시스템에 설치된 패키지를 비교하여 현재 시스템에 업데이트 가능한 목록을 보여준다.
# yum check-update

-> 이전에 업데이트(# yum updates)가 되었으면 더이상 업데이트 할 것이 없다고 나온다.
-> 만약 업데이트 할 것이 있다면 아래 출력결과와 같이 나온다.

⑥ 패키지 설치 및 확인

(가정) php 패키지가 설치 되어 있지 않다고 가정한다.
# rpm -qa | grep php
# rpm -e php

# yum -y install php (-y : yes)

# yum list | grep php (# yum list installed | grep php)

⑦ php 패키지 삭제
# yum remove php (# yum [-y] erase php)

⑧ 패키지의 자세한 정보 확인
# yum info bash /* 현재 시스템 + yum site 패키지 정보 */
# yum info installed bash /* 현재 시스템에 설치된 패키지 정보만 */
# yum info php

⑨ 패키지 검색
# yum search php

⑩ php 패키지 다시 설치
# yum -y install php
-> 출력 내용 생략

[EX2] 로컬 CD 안에 들어 있는 패키지 설치

(전제 조건) CD는 마운트 되어 있는 것으로 한다.
(전제 조건) emacs 패키지는 설치 되어 있지 않은것으로 한다.
# yum remove emacs
-> 삭제되는 패키지 목록을 확인한다.(emacs, emacsspeak)
# rpm -qa | grep emacs

[root@linux220 ~]# rpm -qa | grep emacs
[root@linux220 ~]# df -h
Filesystem    Type    Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1     ext3     36G 3.1G   31G 10% /
/dev/sda8     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data1
/dev/sda7     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data2
/dev/sda6     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data3
/dev/sda5     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data4
/dev/sda3     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /home
tmpfs        tmpfs    506M     0 506M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/hdc   iso9660    3.9G 3.9G     0 100% /media/CentOS_5.5_Final
[root@linux220 ~]# cd /media/CentOS_5.5_Final/CentOS/
[root@linux220 /media/CentOS_5.5_Final/CentOS]# ls emacs*
emacs-21.4-20.el5.i386.rpm         emacs-el-21.4-20.el5.i386.rpm    emacs-nox-21.4-20.el5.i386.rpm
emacs-common-21.4-20.el5.i386.rpm emacs-leim-21.4-20.el5.i386.rpm emacspeak-23.0-3.el5.noarch.rpm
[root@linux220 /media/CentOS_5.5_Final/CentOS]# yum -y localinstall emacs-21.4-20.el5.i386.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Local Package Process
Examining emacs-21.4-20.el5.i386.rpm: emacs-21.4-20.el5.i386
Marking emacs-21.4-20.el5.i386.rpm to be installed
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: ftp.daumkakao.com
* base: ftp.daumkakao.com
* extras: ftp.daumkakao.com
* updates: ftp.daumkakao.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package emacs.i386 0:21.4-20.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: emacs-common = 21.4-20.el5 for package: emacs
--> Processing Dependency: libXaw3d.so.7 for package: emacs
--> Running transaction check
---> Package Xaw3d.i386 0:1.5E-10.1 set to be updated
---> Package emacs.i386 0:21.4-20.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: emacs-common = 21.4-20.el5 for package: emacs
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
emacs-21.4-20.el5.i386 from /emacs-21.4-20.el5.i386 has depsolving problems
--> Missing Dependency: emacs-common = 21.4-20.el5 is needed by package emacs-21.4-20.el5.i386 (/emacs-21.4-20.el5.i386)
Error: Missing Dependency: emacs-common = 21.4-20.el5 is needed by package emacs-21.4-20.el5.i386 (/emacs-21.4-20.el5.i386)
You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
You could try running: package-cleanup --problems
                        package-cleanup --dupes
                        rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest
The program package-cleanup is found in the yum-utils package.
[root@linux220 /media/CentOS_5.5_Final/CentOS]# yum list installed | grep emacs
[root@linux220 /media/CentOS_5.5_Final/CentOS]# rpm -qa | grep emacs
[root@linux220 /media/CentOS_5.5_Final/CentOS]# yum -y install emacs
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: ftp.daumkakao.com
* base: ftp.daumkakao.com
* extras: ftp.daumkakao.com
* updates: ftp.daumkakao.com
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package emacs.i386 0:21.4-24.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: emacs-common = 21.4-24.el5 for package: emacs
--> Processing Dependency: libXaw3d.so.7 for package: emacs
--> Running transaction check
---> Package Xaw3d.i386 0:1.5E-10.1 set to be updated
---> Package emacs-common.i386 0:21.4-24.el5 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================
Install 3 Package(s)
Upgrade 0 Package(s)

Total download size: 12 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): Xaw3d-1.5E-10.1.i386.rpm                                                                       | 152 kB     00:00
(2/3): emacs-21.4-24.el5.i386.rpm                                                                     | 1.6 MB     00:00
(3/3): emacs-common-21.4-24.el5.i386.rpm                                                              | 10 MB     00:01
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                        4.6 MB/s | 12 MB     00:02
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing     : Xaw3d                                                                                                 1/3
Installing     : emacs-common                                                                                          2/3
Installing     : emacs                                                                                                 3/3

Installed:
emacs.i386 0:21.4-24.el5

Dependency Installed:
Xaw3d.i386 0:1.5E-10.1 emacs-common.i386 0:21.4-24.el5

Complete!

[EX3] CD로 임시적인 yum site 구성
o 개인적인 만들어서 배포할 때도 비슷한 설정을 사용한다.
# yum repolist all
# yum repolist enabled
# yum repolist disabled

[root@linux220 ~]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: ftp.daumkakao.com
* base: ftp.daumkakao.com
* extras: ftp.daumkakao.com
* updates: ftp.daumkakao.com
repo id                                            repo name                                                   status
addons                                             CentOS-5 - Addons                                           enabled:     0
base                                               CentOS-5 - Base                                             enabled: 2,791
c5-media                                           CentOS-5 - Media                                            disabled
centosplus                                         CentOS-5 - Plus                                             disabled
contrib                                            CentOS-5 - Contrib                                          disabled
extras                                             CentOS-5 - Extras                                           enabled:   272
updates                                            CentOS-5 - Updates                                          enabled:   596
repolist: 3,659
[root@linux220 ~]# df -h
Filesystem    Type    Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1     ext3     36G 3.2G   31G 10% /
/dev/sda8     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data1
/dev/sda7     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data2
/dev/sda6     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data3
/dev/sda5     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /data4
/dev/sda3     ext3    487M   11M 451M   3% /home
tmpfs        tmpfs    506M     0 506M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/hdc   iso9660    3.9G 3.9G     0 100% /media/CentOS_5.5_Final
[root@linux220 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@linux220 /etc/yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Media.repo
[root@linux220 /etc/yum.repos.d]# vi iso.repo

# vi iso.repo
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[MyISO]
name=CentOS-$releasever - MyISO
baseurl=file:///media/CentOS_5.9_Final   //yum site : Local CD
enabled=1      //(OFF)0, (ON)1
gpgcheck=1      //(OFF)0, (ON)1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5 //GPG Key 위치
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@linux220 /etc/yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: ftp.daumkakao.com
* base: ftp.daumkakao.com
* extras: ftp.daumkakao.com
* updates: ftp.daumkakao.com
MyISO                                                                                                 | 1.1 kB     00:00
MyISO/primary                                                                                         | 920 kB     00:00
MyISO                                                                                                              2599/2599
repo id                                            repo name                                                   status
MyISO                                              CentOS-5 - MyISO                                            enabled: 2,599
addons                                             CentOS-5 - Addons                                           enabled:     0
base                                               CentOS-5 - Base                                             enabled: 2,791
c5-media                                           CentOS-5 - Media                                            disabled
centosplus                                         CentOS-5 - Plus                                             disabled
contrib                                            CentOS-5 - Contrib                                          disabled
extras                                             CentOS-5 - Extras                                           enabled:   272
updates                                            CentOS-5 - Updates                                          enabled:   596
repolist: 6,258
[root@linux220 /etc/yum.repos.d]# yum -y remove emacs
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package emacs.i386 0:21.4-24.el5 set to be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================
Remove        1 Package(s)
Reinstall     0 Package(s)
Downgrade     0 Package(s)

Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Erasing : emacs 1/1

Removed:
emacs.i386 0:21.4-24.el5

Complete!
[root@linux220 /etc/yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa | grep nano
nano-1.3.12-1.1
[root@linux220 /etc/yum.repos.d]# yum list | grep nano
nano.i386 1.3.12-1.1 installed
[root@linux220 /etc/yum.repos.d]# yum - remove nano
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
usage: yum [options] COMMAND

List of Commands:

check-update   Check for available package updates
clean          Remove cached data
deplist        List a package's dependencies
downgrade      downgrade a package
erase          Remove a package or packages from your system
groupinfo      Display details about a package group
groupinstall   Install the packages in a group on your system
grouplist      List available package groups
groupremove    Remove the packages in a group from your system
help           Display a helpful usage message
info           Display details about a package or group of packages
install        Install a package or packages on your system
list           List a package or groups of packages
localinstall   Install a local RPM
makecache      Generate the metadata cache
provides       Find what package provides the given value
reinstall      reinstall a package
repolist       Display the configured software repositories
resolvedep     Determine which package provides the given dependency
search         Search package details for the given string
shell          Run an interactive yum shell
update         Update a package or packages on your system
upgrade        Update packages taking obsoletes into account

options:
-h, --help            show this help message and exit
-t, --tolerant        be tolerant of errors
-C                    run entirely from cache, don't update cache
-c [config file]     config file location
-R [minutes]         maximum command wait time
-d [debug level]     debugging output level
--showduplicates      show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands
-e [error level]     error output level
-q, --quiet           quiet operation
-v, --verbose         verbose operation
-y                    answer yes for all questions
--version             show Yum version and exit
--installroot=[path] set install root
--enablerepo=[repo]   enable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
--disablerepo=[repo] disable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
-x [package], --exclude=[package]
                        exclude package(s) by name or glob
--disableexcludes=[repo]
                        disable exclude from main, for a repo or for
                        everything
--obsoletes           enable obsoletes processing during updates
--noplugins           disable Yum plugins
--nogpgcheck          disable gpg signature checking
--disableplugin=[plugin]
                        disable plugins by name
--enableplugin=[plugin]
                        enable plugins by name
--skip-broken         skip packages with depsolving problems
--color=COLOR         control whether color is used

Plugin Options:
[root@linux220 /etc/yum.repos.d]# yum -y install nano
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: ftp.daumkakao.com
* base: ftp.daumkakao.com
* extras: ftp.daumkakao.com
* updates: ftp.daumkakao.com
Setting up Install Process
Package nano-1.3.12-1.1.i386 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@linux220 /etc/yum.repos.d]# yum -y remove nano
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nano.i386 0:1.3.12-1.1 set to be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Erasing : nano 1/1

Removed:
nano.i386 0:1.3.12-1.1

Complete!
[root@linux220 /etc/yum.repos.d]# yum -y install nano
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: ftp.daumkakao.com
* base: ftp.daumkakao.com
* extras: ftp.daumkakao.com
* updates: ftp.daumkakao.com
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nano.i386 0:1.3.12-1.1 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Upgrade 0 Package(s)

Total download size: 476 k
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : nano 1/1

Installed:
nano.i386 0:1.3.12-1.1

Complete!
[root@linux220 /etc/yum.repos.d]#

(복원) yum 삭제
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
# rm -f iso.repo
# yum list

[root@linux220 /etc/yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@linux220 /etc/yum.repos.d]# vi iso.repo
[root@linux220 /etc/yum.repos.d]# cat iso.repo
[MyISO]
name=CentOS-$releasever - MyISO
baseurl=file:///media/CentOS_5.5_Final
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pk1/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
[root@linux220 /etc/yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: ftp.daumkakao.com
* base: ftp.daumkakao.com
* extras: ftp.daumkakao.com
* updates: ftp.daumkakao.com
repo id                                           repo name                                                    status
addons                                            CentOS-5 - Addons                                            enabled:     0
base                                              CentOS-5 - Base                                              enabled: 2,791
extras                                            CentOS-5 - Extras                                            enabled:   272
updates                                           CentOS-5 - Updates                                           enabled:   596
repolist: 3,659
[root@linux220 /etc/yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: ftp.daumkakao.com
* base: ftp.daumkakao.com
* extras: ftp.daumkakao.com
* updates: ftp.daumkakao.com
repo id                                            repo name                                                   status
MyISO                                              CentOS-5 - MyISO                                            disabled
addons                                             CentOS-5 - Addons                                           enabled:     0
base                                               CentOS-5 - Base                                             enabled: 2,791
c5-media                                           CentOS-5 - Media                                            disabled
centosplus                                         CentOS-5 - Plus                                             disabled
contrib                                            CentOS-5 - Contrib                                          disabled
extras                                             CentOS-5 - Extras                                           enabled:   272
updates                                            CentOS-5 - Updates                                          enabled:   596
repolist: 3,659

참조 https://www.lesstif.com/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=7634963

yum repository 구축 관련
http://www.joinc.co.kr/w/Site/System_management/MakeYumRepository
http://wiki.tunelinux.pe.kr/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=884943#yumrepo구축하기-클라이언트설정파일
http://ienvyou.tistory.com/31

[EX4] 그룹 패키지 설치

# man yum
---------------------------------------------------
        * groupinstall group1 [group2] [...]
        * groupupdate group1 [group2] [...]
        * grouplist [hidden] [groupwildcard] [...]
        * groupremove group1 [group2] [...]
        * groupinfo group1 [...]
---------------------------------------------------

# yum groupinstall <group>
# yum groupupdate <group>

# yum grouplist
# yum groupremove <group>

# yum groupinfo <group>

① 패키지 그룹 목록 확인
# yum grouplist

o OS Virtualization
- Xen (EX : VMware Workstation)
- KVM (EX : VMware Esxi(VMware Vsphere))

[root@linux220 ~]# yum grouplist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Group Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: ftp.daumkakao.com
* base: ftp.daumkakao.com
* extras: ftp.daumkakao.com
* updates: ftp.daumkakao.com
Installed Groups:
   DNS 네임 서버
   FTP 서버
   GNOME 데스크탑 환경
   MySQL 데이터베이스
   Windows 파일 서버
   X 윈도우 시스템
   Yum Utilities
   게임과 오락
   관리 도구
   그래픽
   그래픽 인터넷
   네트워크 서버
   뉴스 서버
   레거시 네트워크 서버
   메일 서버
   사무/생산성
   사운드와 비디오
   서버 설정 도구
   시스템 도구
   웹 서버
   인쇄 지원
   전화연결 네트워킹 지원
   텍스트-기반 인터넷
   편집기
Available Groups:
   Beagle
   Eclipse
   FreeNX and NX
   GNOME 소프트웨어 개발
   Horde
   HyperV
   Java 개발용 도구
   KDE (K 데스크탑 환경)
   KDE 소프트웨어 개발
   Mono
   OpenFabrics Enterprise Distribution
   PostgreSQL 데이터베이스
   Tomboy
   X 소프트웨어 개발
   XFCE-4.4
   Xen
   개발용 도구
   개발용 라이브러리
   공학과 과학
   기본
   레거시 소프트웨어 개발
   레거시 소프트웨어 지원
   제작과 출판
   클러스터 스토리지
   클러스터링
Done
[root@linux220 ~]# yum groupinstall Xen
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: ftp.daumkakao.com
* base: ftp.daumkakao.com
* extras: ftp.daumkakao.com
* updates: ftp.daumkakao.com
addons                                                                                                | 1.9 kB     00:00
base                                                                                                  | 1.1 kB     00:00
extras                                                                                                | 2.1 kB     00:00
updates                                                                                               | 1.9 kB     00:00
Setting up Group Process
Checking for new repos for mirrors
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package Virtualization-en-US.noarch 0:5.8-1.el5.centos set to be updated
---> Package gnome-applet-vm.i386 0:0.1.2-1.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libxenstore.so.3.0 for package: gnome-applet-vm
---> Package kernel-xen.i686 0:2.6.18-409.el5 set to be installed
---> Package libvirt.i386 0:0.8.2-29.el5_9.1 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libselinux >= 1.33.4-5.6 for package: libvirt
--> Processing Dependency: bridge-utils for package: libvirt
--> Processing Dependency: iscsi-initiator-utils for package: libvirt
---> Package virt-manager.i386 0:0.6.1-16.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: python-virtinst >= 0.400.3-12 for package: virt-manager
--> Processing Dependency: gtk-vnc-python >= 0.3.8 for package: virt-manager
--> Processing Dependency: libvirt-python >= 0.3.3 for package: virt-manager
--> Processing Dependency: gnome-python2-gnomekeyring >= 2.15.4 for package: virt-manager
---> Package virt-viewer.i386 0:0.0.2-3.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libgtk-vnc-1.0.so.0 for package: virt-viewer
---> Package xen.i686 0:3.0.3-147.el5_11 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: xz-libs for package: xen
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bridge-utils.i386 0:1.1-3.el5 set to be updated
---> Package gnome-python2-gnomekeyring.i386 0:2.16.0-3.el5 set to be updated
---> Package gtk-vnc.i386 0:0.3.8-3.el5 set to be updated
---> Package gtk-vnc-python.i386 0:0.3.8-3.el5 set to be updated
---> Package iscsi-initiator-utils.i386 0:6.2.0.872-16.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libselinux = 1.33.4-5.5.el5 for package: libselinux-utils
--> Processing Dependency: libselinux = 1.33.4-5.5.el5 for package: libselinux-python
---> Package libselinux.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5 set to be updated
---> Package libvirt-python.i386 0:0.8.2-29.el5_9.1 set to be updated
---> Package python-virtinst.noarch 0:0.400.3-13.el5 set to be updated
---> Package xen-libs.i686 0:3.0.3-147.el5_11 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libext4fs.so.2 for package: xen-libs
---> Package xz-libs.i386 0:4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el5 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package e4fsprogs-libs.i386 0:1.41.12-4.el5_10 set to be updated
---> Package libselinux-python.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5 set to be updated
---> Package libselinux-utils.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================
Install 17 Package(s)
Upgrade 3 Package(s)

Total download size: 37 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages: : kernel-xen-2.6.18-409.el5.i686.rpm                                                           | 21 MB     00:22
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                        634 kB/s | 37 MB     00:59
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Updating       : libselinux                                                                                           1/23
Installing     : xz-libs                                                                                              2/23
Installing     : gtk-vnc                                                                                              3/23
Installing     : bridge-utils                                                                                         4/23
Installing     : gtk-vnc-python                                                                                       5/23
Installing     : iscsi-initiator-utils                                                                                6/23
Installing     : e4fsprogs-libs                                                                                       7/23
Installing     : xen-libs                                                                                             8/23
Installing     : libvirt                                                                                              9/23
Installing     : libvirt-python                                                                                      10/23
Installing     : gnome-python2-gnomekeyring                                                                          11/23
Installing     : python-virtinst                                                                                     12/23
Installing     : kernel-xen                                                                                          13/23
Installing     : Virtualization-en-US                                                                                14/23
Installing     : xen                                                                                                 15/23
Installing     : virt-manager                                                                                        16/23
Updating       : libselinux-python                                                                                   17/23
Updating       : libselinux-utils                                                                                    18/23
Installing     : gnome-applet-vm                                                                                     19/23
Installing     : virt-viewer                                                                                         20/23
Cleanup        : libselinux-python                                                                                   21/23
Cleanup        : libselinux-utils                                                                                    22/23
Cleanup        : libselinux                                                                                          23/23

Installed:
Virtualization-en-US.noarch 0:5.8-1.el5.centos    gnome-applet-vm.i386 0:0.1.2-1.el5    kernel-xen.i686 0:2.6.18-409.el5
libvirt.i386 0:0.8.2-29.el5_9.1                   virt-manager.i386 0:0.6.1-16.el5      virt-viewer.i386 0:0.0.2-3.el5
xen.i686 0:3.0.3-147.el5_11

Dependency Installed:
bridge-utils.i386 0:1.1-3.el5                                e4fsprogs-libs.i386 0:1.41.12-4.el5_10
gnome-python2-gnomekeyring.i386 0:2.16.0-3.el5               gtk-vnc.i386 0:0.3.8-3.el5
gtk-vnc-python.i386 0:0.3.8-3.el5                            iscsi-initiator-utils.i386 0:6.2.0.872-16.el5
libvirt-python.i386 0:0.8.2-29.el5_9.1                       python-virtinst.noarch 0:0.400.3-13.el5
xen-libs.i686 0:3.0.3-147.el5_11                             xz-libs.i386 0:4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el5

Dependency Updated:
libselinux.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5 libselinux-python.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5 libselinux-utils.i386 0:1.33.4-5.7.el5

Complete!

reboot

xen 커널로 부팅

# reboot
-> (주의) 부팅할 때 반드시 xen kernel 부팅해야 한다.
-> 부팅후 root 사용자로 접속하였을 때 이상이 발생되는 경우에는

   ① 일반 사용자로 로그인하여 다음과 같은 설정을 하고
      # vi /etc/gdm/custom.conf
      [security]
      AllowRemoteRoot=true
      [xdmcp]
      Enable=true
      # init 3
      # init 5

② xmanager 접속하여 사용한다.

# virt-manager &
-> 필요하면 가상 운영체제를 설치한다.
-> 새로운 운영체제 설치시에는 다음 사이트를 참고한다.
http://booboo84.blog.me/30100249350

# reboot
-> 원래 운영체제로 재부팅한다.

# virt-manager &
-> 필요하면 가상 운영체제를 설치한다.
-> 새로운 운영체제 설치시에는 다음 사이트를 참고한다.
http://booboo84.blog.me/30100249350

그림3

reboot

원래 운영체제로 부팅

# yum grouplist | grep Xen
# yum groupremove Xen
-> 출력 내용 생략

# yum grouplist

   (...)
   DNS 네임 서버
   FTP 서버
   GNOME 데스크탑 환경
   MySQL 데이터베이스
   Windows 파일 서버
   X 윈도우 시스템
   Yum Utilities
   게임과 오락
   관리 도구
   그래픽
   그래픽 인터넷
   네트워크 서버
   뉴스 서버
   레거시 네트워크 서버
   메일 서버
   사무/생산성
   사운드와 비디오
   서버 설정 도구
   시스템 도구
   웹 서버
   인쇄 지원
   전화연결 네트워킹 지원
   텍스트-기반 인터넷
   편집기
Available Groups:
   Beagle
   Eclipse
   FreeNX and NX
   GNOME 소프트웨어 개발
   Horde
   HyperV
   Java 개발용 도구
   KDE (K 데스크탑 환경)
   KDE 소프트웨어 개발
   Mono
   OpenFabrics Enterprise Distribution
   PostgreSQL 데이터베이스
   Tomboy
   X 소프트웨어 개발
   XFCE-4.4
   Xen
   개발용 도구
   개발용 라이브러리
   공학과 과학
   기본
   레거시 소프트웨어 개발
   레거시 소프트웨어 지원
   제작과 출판
   클러스터 스토리지
   클러스터링
Done
[root@linux220 ~]# yum -y Eclipse
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
usage: yum [options] COMMAND

List of Commands:

Plugin Options:
[root@linux220 ~]# yum -y install Eclipse
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: ftp.daumkakao.com
* base: ftp.daumkakao.com
* extras: ftp.daumkakao.com
* updates: ftp.daumkakao.com
Setting up Install Process
No package Eclipse available.
Nothing to do
[root@linux220 ~]# yum -y groupinstall Eclipse
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: ftp.daumkakao.com
* base: ftp.daumkakao.com
* extras: ftp.daumkakao.com
* updates: ftp.daumkakao.com
Setting up Group Process
Checking for new repos for mirrors
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package eclipse-jdt.i386 1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: eclipse-ecj = 1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos for package: eclipse-jdt
--> Processing Dependency: eclipse-ecj = 1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos for package: eclipse-jdt
--> Processing Dependency: junit >= 3.8.1-3jpp for package: eclipse-jdt
---> Package eclipse-platform.i386 1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos set to be updated
addons/filelists_db                                                                                   | 574 B     00:00
base/filelists                                                                                        | 3.1 MB     00:02
extras/filelists_db                                                                                   | 212 kB     00:00
updates/filelists_db                                                                                  | 3.6 MB     00:05
--> Processing Dependency: eclipse-rcp = 1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: eclipse-rcp = 1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: tomcat5 >= 5.5.17 for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: tomcat5-jasper >= 5.5.17 for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: mx4j >= 2.1 for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: ant-trax for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: ant-apache-resolver for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: ant-swing for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-commons-dbcp for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-commons-pool for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: regexp for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: ant-apache-oro for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: ant-apache-regexp for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: ant-commons-logging for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-commons-digester for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: ant-nodeps for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: ant-antlr for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-commons-fileupload for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: ant-javamail for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-commons-beanutils for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-commons-collections for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: ant-jdepend for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: ant-junit for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/eclipse/plugins/org.eclipse.swt.gtk.linux.x86_3.2.1.v3235.jar for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-commons-logging for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-commons-modeler for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-commons-el for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-commons-launcher for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: ant-apache-log4j for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: ant-jsch for package: eclipse-platform
--> Processing Dependency: ant-apache-bcel for package: eclipse-platform
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ant-antlr.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: ant = 1.6.5-2jpp.2 for package: ant-antlr
---> Package ant-apache-bcel.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: bcel for package: ant-apache-bcel
---> Package ant-apache-log4j.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: log4j for package: ant-apache-log4j
---> Package ant-apache-oro.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: oro for package: ant-apache-oro
---> Package ant-apache-regexp.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2 set to be updated
---> Package ant-apache-resolver.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2 set to be updated
---> Package ant-commons-logging.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2 set to be updated
---> Package ant-javamail.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: javamail >= 1.2-5jpp for package: ant-javamail
--> Processing Dependency: jaf >= 1.0.1-5jpp for package: ant-javamail
---> Package ant-jdepend.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: jdepend for package: ant-jdepend
---> Package ant-jsch.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: jsch for package: ant-jsch
---> Package ant-junit.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2 set to be updated
---> Package ant-nodeps.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2 set to be updated
---> Package ant-swing.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2 set to be updated
---> Package ant-trax.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2 set to be updated
---> Package eclipse-ecj.i386 1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos set to be updated
---> Package eclipse-rcp.i386 1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos set to be updated
---> Package jakarta-commons-beanutils.i386 0:1.7.0-5jpp.1 set to be updated
---> Package jakarta-commons-collections.i386 0:3.2-2jpp.4 set to be updated
---> Package jakarta-commons-dbcp.i386 0:1.2.1-7jpp.1 set to be updated
---> Package jakarta-commons-digester.i386 0:1.7-5jpp.1 set to be updated
---> Package jakarta-commons-el.i386 0:1.0-7jpp.1 set to be updated
---> Package jakarta-commons-fileupload.i386 1:1.0-6jpp.1 set to be updated
---> Package jakarta-commons-launcher.i386 0:0.9-6jpp.1 set to be updated
---> Package jakarta-commons-logging.i386 0:1.0.4-6jpp.1 set to be updated
---> Package jakarta-commons-modeler.i386 0:1.1-8jpp.3.el5 set to be updated
---> Package jakarta-commons-pool.i386 0:1.3-5jpp.1 set to be updated
---> Package junit.i386 0:3.8.2-3jpp.1 set to be updated
---> Package libswt3-gtk2.i386 1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos set to be updated
---> Package mx4j.i386 1:3.0.1-6jpp.4 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: axis >= 1.1 for package: mx4j
---> Package regexp.i386 0:1.4-2jpp.2 set to be updated
---> Package tomcat5.i386 0:5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: tomcat5-common-lib = 5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9 for package: tomcat5
--> Processing Dependency: tomcat5-server-lib = 5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9 for package: tomcat5
--> Processing Dependency: tomcat5-server-lib = 5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9 for package: tomcat5
--> Processing Dependency: tomcat5-common-lib = 5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9 for package: tomcat5
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-commons-daemon >= 1.0.1 for package: tomcat5
---> Package tomcat5-jasper.i386 0:5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: tomcat5-servlet-2.4-api = 5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9 for package: tomcat5-jasper
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ant.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: java-devel for package: ant
---> Package axis.i386 0:1.2.1-2jpp.8.el5_10 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-commons-discovery for package: axis
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-commons-httpclient for package: axis
--> Processing Dependency: wsdl4j for package: axis
---> Package bcel.i386 0:5.1-8jpp.1 set to be updated
---> Package classpathx-jaf.i386 0:1.0-9jpp.1 set to be updated
---> Package classpathx-mail.i386 0:1.1.1-4jpp.2 set to be updated
---> Package jakarta-commons-daemon.i386 1:1.0.1-6jpp.1 set to be updated
---> Package jakarta-oro.i386 0:2.0.8-3jpp.1 set to be updated
---> Package jdepend.i386 0:2.6-6jpp.2 set to be updated
---> Package jsch.i386 0:0.1.28-1jpp.5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: jzlib >= 1.0.5 for package: jsch
---> Package log4j.i386 0:1.2.13-3jpp.2 set to be updated
---> Package tomcat5-common-lib.i386 0:5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: tomcat5-jsp-2.0-api = 5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9 for package: tomcat5-common-lib
--> Processing Dependency: tomcat5-jsp-2.0-api = 5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9 for package: tomcat5-common-lib
--> Processing Dependency: jta >= 1.0.1 for package: tomcat5-common-lib
--> Processing Dependency: jta >= 1.0.1 for package: tomcat5-common-lib
---> Package tomcat5-server-lib.i386 0:5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9 set to be updated
---> Package tomcat5-servlet-2.4-api.i386 0:5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package geronimo-specs-compat.i386 0:1.0-0.M2.2jpp.12.el5.centos set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: geronimo-specs = 1.0-0.M2.2jpp.12.el5.centos for package: geronimo-specs-compat
---> Package jakarta-commons-discovery.i386 1:0.3-4jpp.1 set to be updated
---> Package jakarta-commons-httpclient.i386 1:3.0-7jpp.4.el5_10 set to be updated
---> Package java-1.6.0-openjdk-devel.i386 1:1.6.0.38-1.13.10.0.el5_11 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: java-1.6.0-openjdk = 1:1.6.0.38-1.13.10.0.el5_11 for package: java-1.6.0-openjdk-devel
---> Package jzlib.i386 0:1.0.7-4jpp.1 set to be updated
---> Package tomcat5-jsp-2.0-api.i386 0:5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9 set to be updated
---> Package wsdl4j.i386 0:1.5.2-4jpp.1 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package geronimo-specs.i386 0:1.0-0.M2.2jpp.12.el5.centos set to be updated
---> Package java-1.6.0-openjdk.i386 1:1.6.0.38-1.13.10.0.el5_11 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: tzdata-java for package: java-1.6.0-openjdk
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tzdata-java.i386 0:2016d-1.el5 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================================================================
Package                                 Arch             Version                                  Repository           Size
=============================================================================================================================
Installing:
eclipse-jdt                             i386             1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos                    base                 25 M
eclipse-platform                        i386             1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos                    base                 32 M
Installing for dependencies:
ant                                     i386             1.6.5-2jpp.2                             base                2.0 M
ant-antlr                               i386             1.6.5-2jpp.2                             base                 34 k
ant-apache-bcel                         i386             1.6.5-2jpp.2                             base                 36 k
ant-apache-log4j                        i386             1.6.5-2jpp.2                             base                 27 k
ant-apache-oro                          i386             1.6.5-2jpp.2                             base                112 k
ant-apache-regexp                       i386             1.6.5-2jpp.2                             base                 27 k
ant-apache-resolver                     i386             1.6.5-2jpp.2                             base                 28 k
ant-commons-logging                     i386             1.6.5-2jpp.2                             base                 29 k
ant-javamail                            i386             1.6.5-2jpp.2                             base                 35 k
ant-jdepend                             i386             1.6.5-2jpp.2                             base                 44 k
ant-jsch                                i386             1.6.5-2jpp.2                             base                 66 k
ant-junit                               i386             1.6.5-2jpp.2                             base                161 k
ant-nodeps                              i386             1.6.5-2jpp.2                             base                794 k
ant-swing                               i386             1.6.5-2jpp.2                             base                 27 k
ant-trax                                i386             1.6.5-2jpp.2                             base                158 k
axis                                    i386             1.2.1-2jpp.8.el5_10                      updates             3.1 M
bcel                                    i386             5.1-8jpp.1                               base                995 k
classpathx-jaf                          i386             1.0-9jpp.1                               base                101 k
classpathx-mail                         i386             1.1.1-4jpp.2                             base                1.1 M
eclipse-ecj                             i386             1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos                    base                7.9 M
eclipse-rcp                             i386             1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos                    base                 15 M
geronimo-specs                          i386             1.0-0.M2.2jpp.12.el5.centos              base                231 k
geronimo-specs-compat                   i386             1.0-0.M2.2jpp.12.el5.centos              base                5.5 k
jakarta-commons-beanutils               i386             1.7.0-5jpp.1                             base                524 k
jakarta-commons-collections             i386             3.2-2jpp.4                               updates             1.0 M
jakarta-commons-daemon                  i386             1:1.0.1-6jpp.1                           base                 44 k
jakarta-commons-dbcp                    i386             1.2.1-7jpp.1                             base                242 k
jakarta-commons-digester                i386             1.7-5jpp.1                               base                313 k
jakarta-commons-discovery               i386             1:0.3-4jpp.1                             base                133 k
jakarta-commons-el                      i386             1.0-7jpp.1                               base                240 k
jakarta-commons-fileupload              i386             1:1.0-6jpp.1                             base                 48 k
jakarta-commons-httpclient              i386             1:3.0-7jpp.4.el5_10                      updates             523 k
jakarta-commons-launcher                i386             0.9-6jpp.1                               base                 88 k
jakarta-commons-logging                 i386             1.0.4-6jpp.1                             base                105 k
jakarta-commons-modeler                 i386             1.1-8jpp.3.el5                           base                230 k
jakarta-commons-pool                    i386             1.3-5jpp.1                               base                127 k
jakarta-oro                             i386             2.0.8-3jpp.1                             base                173 k
java-1.6.0-openjdk-devel                i386             1:1.6.0.38-1.13.10.0.el5_11              updates              15 M
jdepend                                 i386             2.6-6jpp.2                               base                240 k
jsch                                    i386             0.1.28-1jpp.5                            base                301 k
junit                                   i386             3.8.2-3jpp.1                             base                304 k
jzlib                                   i386             1.0.7-4jpp.1                             base                132 k
libswt3-gtk2                            i386             1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos                    base                3.4 M
log4j                                   i386             1.2.13-3jpp.2                            base                634 k
mx4j                                    i386             1:3.0.1-6jpp.4                           base                2.5 M
regexp                                  i386             1.4-2jpp.2                               base                 91 k
tomcat5                                 i386             5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9                     base                369 k
tomcat5-common-lib                      i386             5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9                     base                203 k
tomcat5-jasper                          i386             5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9                     base                981 k
tomcat5-server-lib                      i386             5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9                     base                3.6 M
tzdata-java                             i386             2016d-1.el5                              updates             173 k
wsdl4j                                  i386             1.5.2-4jpp.1                             base                385 k
Updating for dependencies:
java-1.6.0-openjdk                      i386             1:1.6.0.38-1.13.10.0.el5_11              updates              44 M
tomcat5-jsp-2.0-api                     i386             5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9                     base                 99 k
tomcat5-servlet-2.4-api                 i386             5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9                     base                156 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================
Install 54 Package(s)
Upgrade 3 Package(s)

Total download size: 166 M
Downloading Packages: : java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.38-1.13.10.0.el5_11.i386.rpm                                        | 44 MB     01:45
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                        468 kB/s | 166 MB     06:03
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing     : jakarta-commons-logging                                                                              1/60
Updating       : tomcat5-servlet-2.4-api                                                                              2/60
Installing     : classpathx-jaf                                                                                       3/60
Installing     : jakarta-commons-collections                                                                          4/60
Installing     : jakarta-commons-beanutils                                                                            5/60
Installing     : regexp                                                                                               6/60
Installing     : jakarta-commons-digester                                                                             7/60
Installing     : tomcat5-jasper                                                                                       8/60
Installing     : jakarta-commons-el                                                                                   9/60
Installing     : jakarta-commons-pool                                                                                10/60
Installing     : log4j                                                                                               11/60
Installing     : jakarta-commons-dbcp                                                                                12/60
Installing     : bcel                                                                                                13/60
Installing     : jakarta-commons-fileupload                                                                          14/60
Installing     : eclipse-ecj                                                                                         15/60
Installing     : jakarta-commons-launcher                                                                            16/60
Installing     : junit                                                                                               17/60
Installing     : libswt3-gtk2                                                                                        18/60
Installing     : eclipse-rcp                                                                                         19/60
Updating       : tomcat5-jsp-2.0-api                                                                                 20/60
Installing     : jakarta-commons-discovery                                                                           21/60
Installing     : jakarta-commons-httpclient                                                                          22/60
Installing     : jzlib                                                                                               23/60
Installing     : jsch                                                                                                24/60
Installing     : jakarta-commons-daemon                                                                              25/60
Installing     : jdepend                                                                                             26/60
Installing     : jakarta-oro                                                                                         27/60
Installing     : tzdata-java                                                                                         28/60
Updating       : java-1.6.0-openjdk                                                                                  29/60
Installing     : classpathx-mail                                                                                     30/60
Installing     : wsdl4j                                                                                              31/60
Installing     : axis                                                                                                32/60
Installing     : mx4j                                                                                                33/60
Installing     : jakarta-commons-modeler                                                                             34/60
Installing     : tomcat5-server-lib                                                                                  35/60
Installing     : geronimo-specs                                                                                      36/60
Installing     : java-1.6.0-openjdk-devel                                                                            37/60
Installing     : ant                                                                                                 38/60
Installing     : ant-apache-oro                                                                                      39/60
Installing     : ant-nodeps                                                                                          40/60
Installing     : ant-apache-log4j                                                                                    41/60
Installing     : ant-apache-regexp                                                                                   42/60
Installing     : ant-jsch                                                                                            43/60
Installing     : ant-apache-resolver                                                                                 44/60
Installing     : ant-commons-logging                                                                                 45/60
Installing     : ant-trax                                                                                            46/60
Installing     : ant-jdepend                                                                                         47/60
Installing     : ant-antlr                                                                                           48/60
Installing     : ant-swing                                                                                           49/60
Installing     : ant-junit                                                                                           50/60
Installing     : ant-apache-bcel                                                                                     51/60
Installing     : ant-javamail                                                                                        52/60
Installing     : geronimo-specs-compat                                                                               53/60
Installing     : tomcat5-common-lib                                                                                  54/60
Installing     : tomcat5                                                                                             55/60
Installing     : eclipse-platform                                                                                    56/60
Installing     : eclipse-jdt                                                                                         57/60
Cleanup        : tomcat5-servlet-2.4-api                                                                             58/60
Cleanup        : java-1.6.0-openjdk                                                                                  59/60
Cleanup        : tomcat5-jsp-2.0-api                                                                                 60/60

Installed:
eclipse-jdt.i386 1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos eclipse-platform.i386 1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos

Dependency Installed:
ant.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2                                      ant-antlr.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2
ant-apache-bcel.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2                          ant-apache-log4j.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2
ant-apache-oro.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2                           ant-apache-regexp.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2
ant-apache-resolver.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2                      ant-commons-logging.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2
ant-javamail.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2                             ant-jdepend.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2
ant-jsch.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2                                 ant-junit.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2
ant-nodeps.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2                               ant-swing.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2
ant-trax.i386 0:1.6.5-2jpp.2                                 axis.i386 0:1.2.1-2jpp.8.el5_10
bcel.i386 0:5.1-8jpp.1                                       classpathx-jaf.i386 0:1.0-9jpp.1
classpathx-mail.i386 0:1.1.1-4jpp.2                          eclipse-ecj.i386 1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos
eclipse-rcp.i386 1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos                       geronimo-specs.i386 0:1.0-0.M2.2jpp.12.el5.centos
geronimo-specs-compat.i386 0:1.0-0.M2.2jpp.12.el5.centos     jakarta-commons-beanutils.i386 0:1.7.0-5jpp.1
jakarta-commons-collections.i386 0:3.2-2jpp.4                jakarta-commons-daemon.i386 1:1.0.1-6jpp.1
jakarta-commons-dbcp.i386 0:1.2.1-7jpp.1                     jakarta-commons-digester.i386 0:1.7-5jpp.1
jakarta-commons-discovery.i386 1:0.3-4jpp.1                  jakarta-commons-el.i386 0:1.0-7jpp.1
jakarta-commons-fileupload.i386 1:1.0-6jpp.1                 jakarta-commons-httpclient.i386 1:3.0-7jpp.4.el5_10
jakarta-commons-launcher.i386 0:0.9-6jpp.1                   jakarta-commons-logging.i386 0:1.0.4-6jpp.1
jakarta-commons-modeler.i386 0:1.1-8jpp.3.el5                jakarta-commons-pool.i386 0:1.3-5jpp.1
jakarta-oro.i386 0:2.0.8-3jpp.1                              java-1.6.0-openjdk-devel.i386 1:1.6.0.38-1.13.10.0.el5_11
jdepend.i386 0:2.6-6jpp.2                                    jsch.i386 0:0.1.28-1jpp.5
junit.i386 0:3.8.2-3jpp.1                                    jzlib.i386 0:1.0.7-4jpp.1
libswt3-gtk2.i386 1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos                      log4j.i386 0:1.2.13-3jpp.2
mx4j.i386 1:3.0.1-6jpp.4                                     regexp.i386 0:1.4-2jpp.2
tomcat5.i386 0:5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9                          tomcat5-common-lib.i386 0:5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9
tomcat5-jasper.i386 0:5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9                   tomcat5-server-lib.i386 0:5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9
tzdata-java.i386 0:2016d-1.el5                               wsdl4j.i386 0:1.5.2-4jpp.1

Dependency Updated:
java-1.6.0-openjdk.i386 1:1.6.0.38-1.13.10.0.el5_11 tomcat5-jsp-2.0-api.i386 0:5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9
tomcat5-servlet-2.4-api.i386 0:5.5.23-0jpp.40.el5_9

Complete!

# yum -y groupinstall Eclipse
# Eclipse &
# yum -y groupremove Eclipse

[root@linux220 ~]# eclipse &
[1] 6627

그림4

[root@linux220 ~]# yum -y groupremove Eclipse
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Group Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: ftp.daumkakao.com
* base: ftp.daumkakao.com
* extras: ftp.daumkakao.com
* updates: ftp.daumkakao.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package eclipse-jdt.i386 1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos set to be erased
---> Package eclipse-platform.i386 1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos set to be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================
Remove        2 Package(s)
Reinstall     0 Package(s)
Downgrade     0 Package(s)

Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Erasing : eclipse-jdt 1/2
Erasing : eclipse-platform 2/2

Removed:
eclipse-jdt.i386 1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos eclipse-platform.i386 1:3.2.1-19.el5.centos

Complete!
[1]+ Done eclipse

[EX5] 운영체제 전체 업데이트

(GUI)
Application > System Tools > Software Updater (# system-config-packages)

(TUI)
# yum check-update
# yum -y update

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20160422 리눅스 관리자 (0)	2016.04.23
20160421 리눅스 관리자 (0)	2016.04.22

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22Hz

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